Professional Practice and Ethic Of Telstra †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Professional Practice and Ethic Of Telstra. Answer: Introduction This report has been prepared on the topic Professional Practice and Ethics in which discussion will be done regarding the ethical implications faced by Telstra. Telstra has moved from a conservative engineering based company to a fast-paced digital company. Discussion will be made regarding the decision support systems or business analytics used by Telstra and use of the analysis tools for the purpose of gaining a competitive advantage over the others in the industry. A framework for the analysis of the ethical issues, the impact of the ethical issues and options for dealing with the ethical issues will be discussed in this report so as to analyze the ethical implications of the company. This framework will discuss different aspects related to the ethical implications. An ethical theory will be applied so as to assess the ethical consequences. Recommendations will be provided with a motive to suggest strategies for coping with the ethical issues faced by Telstra. Background Telstra is a Telecom Australia based public company which is operating in the Australian Market. Telstra was founded in the year 1975 and its headquarter is located in Melbourne, Australia. It is offering fixed line and mobile telephony, internet and data services, network services and Pay TV. According to the data collected in the year 2015, Telstra has an employee base of 36,165 employees. Telstra is one of the largest telecommunications company in Australia. Previously, Telstra was operating as a conservative engineering based company and it has moved from a conservative engineering based company to a fast-paced digital company. Telecommunication industry has played a major role to make changes in the business and create a sustainable growth in Australia (Telstra, 2018). Values and purpose of Telstra are to care, collaborate, trust, simplicity and courage. For the purpose of enhancing the satisfaction level of the customers and enhancing the customer base of the company, Telstra has adopted effective strategies acting as its pillars. These strategies include delivering a quality experience to the customers, driving values and growth from the core and building growth. The key strategic enablers of Telstra are networks for the future, digitalization and culture and capabilities. The vision of Telstra is to be world class Technology Company which enhances the connectivity among the people (Telstra, 2018). Framework for analysis Doing the ethic Whats going on?: Telstra has adopted an ethical behaviour framework so as to guide the decision making process and behaviour of the employees. These key integrity policies include anti-bribery and anti-corruption, conflicts of interest and outside activities, gifts, prizes and hospitality and fraud and criminal conduct. Employees of Telstra are expected to behave as per the standards set for their behavior. Values of Telstra are to show care, better together, trusting each other, finding the courage and making the complex tasks simple (Market Culture, 2010). Telstra make the employees follow the prcised standards of business and personal ethics by taking initiatives such as promotion of the ethical behaviour in the environment of the organization. Face-to-face ethical behaviour training is provided to the 1700 employees for promoting ethical behaviour. For ensuring the safety of the customers, Telstra is promoting transparency in the operations of the organization. The governance fra mework of Telstra is based on few key elements and these key elements are health and safety, discrimination and bullying, privacy, diversity, anti-bribery, conflicts of interest, whistleblowing, securities trading market disclosure, corruption, sustainability and social media (Coleman, 2017). What are the facts?: Telstra has been positioned as the leading provider of cyber security systems and services so as managing the data of the customers safely and securely. Market strength of the company has increased in the past few years. Telstra has reduced the excess data charges and introduced international travel passes. Stakeholders of Telstra have gained from investing in Telstra. There has been a rise in the share price of Telstra by 98 % in the last five years (Somasundaram, 2017). Telstra has played the role of a leader in the exciting new areas of growth. A large number of sports and teams are being sponsored by Telstra along with the endorsement of the arts through the groups. Privatization of Telstra took place in the year 1997. The focus of Telstra is on considering the safety of the different stakeholders of the company. Audit and risk committee has been set by Telstra so as to ensure that ethical behaviour is adopted in the environment of the company. Ethical behavi our policies have been formulated with a motive to conduct the operations in an ethical manner (Telstra, 2016). What are the issues?: While shifting the nature of the business, various issues have been faced by Telstra. These issues have the potential to create an impact on the existence of the business. Telstra has faced various ethical issues while moving from conservative engineering based company to a fast-paced digital. These ethical issues include misleading NBN speed, accused of tracking the next G internet use, legal claim faced due to the suicide of the employee, impact of fire which took place in Telstra, material sustainability issues, bugs in the software affecting the interest of the users, lack of transparency which promotes chances of frauds in the company, corruption and lack of control on the ethical practices in the environment of the business (Smolaks, 2017). All these issues have adversely affected the interest of the different stakeholders as well as of the company. These ethical issues have affected the performance and sales of the company. Another issue faced by Telstra due to the ethical issues is mobile revenue. These ethical issues have resulted in fall in the revenue from the mobile business of Telstra (Market Culture, 2010). Who is affected?: impact of these ethical issues faced by Telstra has been seen on the different stakeholders of Telstra. These stakeholders include employees, investors, customers or users of the services, society, managers and owners. The fire which took place in the Telstra exchange has resulted in disrupting more than 30 % of the overall Telstra traffic. This disruption in the overall Telstra traffic has resulted in a delay in the flights and train journeys. Power equipment of Telstra got damaged due to the fire which took place in the exchange (Kotterman, 2015). Impact of this fire was on users and employees of the Telstra. Lack of transparency has affected the satisfaction level of the employees and customers of Telstra. Impact of these ethical issues has affected the interest of the investors of Telstra. Telstra has been accused of tracking the use of Next G internet by the users. Websites visited by the users were tracked by a server in the US which has affected the satisfact ion level of the users of the next G internet in Australia. Privacy concerns were raised by the users on which Telstra stated that the data was being collected and sent overseas so as to develop the new product. This new product will permit the parents to let the children access the websites (McArthur, 2015). What are the ethical issues and implications?: Telstra has faced few ethical issues which have affected the interest of different stakeholders as well as performance and sales of Telstra. Impact of these ethical issues can be seen on the satisfaction level of the users, employees, managers, investors and government. Privacy concerns were raised by the users of next G internet as the websites accessed by these users were being tracked. This privacy issue has affected the confidentiality of the users and decreased the trust among the users of Next G internet (Taylor, 2011). Fire in the Telstra exchange has affected the traffic and resulted in a delay in the flights and train journeys. Lack of control has increased the chances of fraud in the company which has affected the performance of the company. Another issue is lack of transparency which has resulted in an impact on the employee base and users. Software bug was another ethical issue which has knocked out the 10 % of the consumers offline of Telstra. Although that bug was fixed overnight still 15000 people were not able to connect to the network in that week. It was identified that during the fire in the exchange, text messages sent during that period delivered to the incorrect recipients who have affected the privacy of the users (Simpson, 2014). What can be done about it? for overcoming these ethical issues, Telstra has to adopt effective strategies or options. For effectively moving the business from a conservative engineering based company to a fast-paced digital company, Telstra need to take initiatives. For coping with these ethical issues, initiatives have been taken by Telstra. For dealing with the software bug, Telstra resolved the issue overnight. Impact of this software bug has been seen on almost 10 % of the internet customers (around 370,000 people) of Telstra (Telstra, 2012). For coping with the fire incident, SMS platform was closed by Telstra for a short period so as to ensure that the messages are not getting delivered to the wrong address. The reputation of Telstra got affected due to the tracking next G internet. For coping with this ethical issue, Telstra has stopped the collection of website address and data. Another effective approach has been considered by Telstra which is the approach to sustainability. The sustainability approach of Telstra includes a review of the current and potential sustainability issues, identification of the concern of the stakeholders, collecting feedbacks and presentation of the findings and reporting of the issues to the Sustainability Council of Telstra (Telstra, 2015). What are the options? Different options are available to Telstra for coping with the ethical issues faced by it. These options include the formation of a committee for keeping a check on the unethical practices, promoting whistleblowing, promoting transparency, keeping the customers informed, compliance training and promoting ethical behaviour. Check on the unethical practices will ensure that the employees and organization are performing in an ethical manner without creating any harm to the interest of different stakeholders. Whistleblowing approach can be promoted so as to develop loyalty among the employees (Ockenden, 2012). This can be done by motivating the employees for disclosing the unethical practices taking place in the business environment. Transparency can be promoted so as to make the operations of the organization clear to the different stakeholders who have a substantial interest in the operations of the business. Compliance training can be provided to the employees so as to ensure that they are complying with the ethical practices adopted by Telstra. The focus of Telstra is on conducting the operations in an ethical manner. Ethical behaviour is a key aspect and Telstra is promoting ethical behaviour and different policies (AEST, 2017). Which option is best-and why? Numerous options are available which can be analyzed by Telstra for dealing with the unethical practices and promoting ethical behaviour. These options include whistleblowing, ethical behaviour, compliance training and a committee. These alternatives can be selected by Telstra so as to overcome the ethical issues faced by the company. Whistleblowing will motivate the employees for identifying the unethical practices and reporting the unethical practices taking place in the company. We can uplift the ethical behaviour of the employee in a company by boosting their morale and ensuring their right behaviour (McDonald, 2013). Compliance training will guide the employees in taking the right decision and performing the operations of the organization in an ethical manner. The training program is considered as an integral part which helps in making the employees aware of the legal, regulatory and compliance responsibilities. A committee can be set up which will ensure that the operations of the organization are being performed as per the ethical principles adopted by the organization (Carter, 2016). Assessment of ethical consequences (use any ethical theory) For the assessment of the ethical consequences for Telstra, Utilitarianism ethical theory has been selected. Utilitarianism ethical theory can be defined as the consequentialism form of the ethical theory which focuses on performing the action or act in such a manner that the action results in producing the greatest good for the highest possible number of people. This theory is concerned with the morality of the outcome of the action or operation undertaken. The focus of this theory is on providing benefit to the maximum number of people by performing the action in a moral manner. This theory is based on the ability of the individual in making predictions regarding the consequences of the actions. This ethical theory ensures that the actions are performed in a fair manner by valuing justice. According to this theory, ethics is doing the greatest good for the greatest possible number of people from the actions performed (Mandle, 2013). Telstra is facing different ethical issues due to the shift in the nature of the business. These ethical issues include misleading speed of NBN, legal claim faced by Telstra due to the suicide committed by the employee, impact of fire which took place in Telstra exchange, blame of tracking the next G internet use, material sustainability issues, software bugs adversely affected the interest of the users, lack of transparency promoting frauds chances, corruption and lack of control on the ethical practices (McGee, 2010). All these issues are unethical and have affected different stakeholders of Telstra. These stakeholders have interest in the operations of the organization. Tracking of the internet use has resulted in affecting the privacy of the customers using Next G internet. Utilitarianism ethical theory helps in analyzing this issue in a better manner which helps in maintaining the trust and loyalty among the customers by focusing on their privacy (Sandler, 2010). According to Utilitarianism ethical theory, Telstra needs to keep a check on the outcome of the actions so as to operate in an ethical manner. Different issues are being faced by Telstra and Utilitarianism ethical theory can help Telstra in overcoming the ethical issues. Utilitarianism ethical theory will help Telstra in focusing on the outcomes of the actions of Telstra. Suicide committed by the employee has resulted in dissatisfaction among the employees of the organization. For overcoming this issue and to prevent reoccurrence of the suicide, there is a need to analyze the issues faced by the employees. This approach will help in enhancing the satisfaction level among the employees. Due to the fire in Telstra exchange, quality of the services got affected. For providing quality services to the customers during the period of fire, services can be provided from alternative locations (Tuan Shaw, 2016). Lack of transparency in the organization increases the chances of fraud in Telstra. Utilitarianism ethical theory can be used for analyzing the outcome of implementing transparency policy in the workplace of Telstra. Cases of fraud can be reduced by promoting transparency in Telstra. Ethical practices need to be promoted in the organization and the consequences of promotion of ethical practices can be analyzed with the use of Utilitarianism ethical theory. Software bugs can be managed by regularly keeping a check on the software of the organization (Lewin, 2014). Recommendations Telstra is facing ethical issues which have affected the performance of the organization; there is a need to analyze strategies which can be used for the purpose of dealing with the ethical issues. There are numerous strategies or approaches available which can be used by Telstra for the purpose of coping with ethical issues faced. These approaches are discussed below: Providing support to the process of analysis of the business opportunity in an ethical manner: Telstra needs to analyze the business opportunities in an ethical manner so as to ensure that the operations of the business are not affecting the interest of stakeholders. Business opportunities need to be selected in an ethical manner (Moore Gino, 2013). IT security governance: IT security governance will help Telstra in overcoming the ethical issues related to the privacy and confidentiality of the data. IT security governance will help Telstra in keeping a check on security-related ethical issues. Compliance training: this training will help in developing the knowledge and skills of the employees. Employees of Telstra will be able to develop ethical behaviour which will guide their efforts in the right manner (Kouchaki Smith, 2014). Ethical committee: a committee needs to be set up which will help in forming an authority which will ensure that the operations of Telstra are conducted in an ethical manner without affecting others. This committee will promote an ethical code of conduct and ensures ethical principles are being followed by the employees and organization. Promoting ethical behaviour: ethical behaviour needs to be promoted among the employees with a motive to reduce the chances of frauds taking place due to unethical practices (Eldred, 2012). Conclusion Thus, from the above discussion, it can be stated that ethics play a vital role in shaping the performance of the business and fulfilling the responsibility towards the different stakeholders. This report has helped in increasing the knowledge of the concept of ethics and its role in an organization. This report has also discussed the different ethical issues which have been faced by Telstra. Impact of these ethical issues on the different stakeholders of Telstra has been discussed in this report. Recommendations have been provided in this report which will help Telstra in coping with the ethical dilemmas in a better manner and promoting ethical behaviour in the culture of the organization. References AEST, 2017, The ACCC threatens to take Telstra and other ISPs to court over misleading NBN speeds, The Conversation. Carter, L, 2016, Telstra outage: Executive apologises, says software bug caused latest problem, ABC News, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-27/telstra-executive-apologises-for-latest-network-outage/7453546 Coleman, D., 2017, Ethical approach at Telstra, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://ethicalboardroom.com/ethical-approach-at-telstra/ Eldred, T, 2012, Prescriptions for ethical blindness: Improving advocacy for indigent defendants in criminal cases, Rutgers Law Journal, 65(1), 333394. Kotterman, H., 2015, Ten things you probably dont know about Telstra international, Telstra Exchange, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://exchange.telstra.com.au/ten-things-probably-dont-know-telstra-international/ Kouchaki, M. and Smith, I., 2014, The morning morality effect: The influence of time of day on unethical behavior, Psychological Science, 25(1), 95102. Lewin, D., 2014, Whats the use of ethical philosophy? The role of ethical theory in special educational needs, European Journal of Special Needs Education, pp.112. Mandle, J., 2013, The Place of Rawls in Political and Ethical Theory,Metaphilosophy, 44(1-2), pp.3741. Market Culture, 2010, Telstra Case Study, Market Culture. McArthur, T, 2015, 5 things you need to know about Telstra Corporation Ltd. The Motley Fool, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.fool.com.au/2015/04/27/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-telstra-corporation-ltd/ McDonald, S., 2013, Telstra to face challenges in broadening its business: analyst, Computer world, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/523301/telstra_face_challenges_broadening_its_business_analyst/ McGee, R., 2010, Analyzing Insider Trading from the Perspectives of Utilitarian Ethics and Rights Theory,Journal of Business Ethics, 91(1), pp.6582. Moore, C. and Gino, F., 2013, Ethically adrift: How others pull our moral compass from true north, and how we can fix it, Research in Organizational Behavior, 33, 5377. Ockenden, W., 2012, Telstra accused of tracking Next G internet use, ABC News, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-06-27/telstra-accused-of-tracking-internet-use/4094692 Sandler, R, 2010, Ethical Theory and the Problem of Inconsequentialism: Why Environmental Ethicists Should be Virtue-Oriented Ethicists, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 23(1), pp.167183. Simpson, C., 2014, Telstra Still Makes $700m From ISDN, And 9 Other Surprising Facts, Gizmodo, , viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2014/08/telstra-still-makes-700m-from-isdn-and-9-other-surprising-facts/ Smolaks, M., 2017, Telstra suffers major outage due to exchange fire, DCD, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/content-tracks/design-build/telstra-suffers-major-outage-due-to-exchange-fire/97754.fullarticle Somasundaram, N., 2017, Telstra's growth challenges explained, in 3 charts, Business Insider Austrlia, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/telstras-growth-challenges-explained-in-3-charts-2017-2 Taylor, J., 2011, Telstra NBN deal: the facts, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.zdnet.com/article/telstra-nbn-deal-the-facts/ Telstra, 2012, Our Approach: Conducting our business responsibility, Telstra. Telstra, 2015, Conducting our business ethically, Telstra. Telstra, 2016, Ethics, values governance, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://exchange.telstra.com.au/ethics-values-governance/ Telstra, 2018, About Us, viewed on 17th February 2018. Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/aboutus/our-company Tuan, N. T. and Shaw, C., 2016, Consideration of Ethics in Systemic Thinking,Systemic Practice and Action Research, 29(1), pp.5160.

Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence free essay sample

The Declaration of Independence is considered by many to be the finest piece of political prose ever written. It can be seen as a document in five parts: the introduction, the preamble, the denunciation of George Ill, the denunciation of the British people, and the conclusion. We are going to closely examine the first three as a way to understand how Jeffersons rhetorical strategies serves the political aims of the young colonies. The introduction consists of the first paragraph, which is a single long sentence periodic sentence for those who will do well in May). Read the first paragraph and come up with two reasons why Jefferson would frame the introduction in the way he did. Reason I Seen within its original context, however, it is a model of subtlety, nuance, and implication that works on several levels of meaning and allusion to orient readers toward a favorable view of America and to prepare them for the rest of the Declaration. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of the Declaration of Independence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Textual Support From its opening phrase, which sets the American Revolution within he whole course of human events, to its assertion that the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle America to a separate and equal station among the powers of the earth, to its quest for sanction from the opinions of mankind, the introduction elevates the quarrel with England from a petty political dispute to a major event in the grand sweep of history. It dignifies the Revolution as a contest of principle and implies that the American cause has a special claim to moral legitimacyall without mentioning England or America by name.

Using a Sample of Essay For Undergraduate Admission

Using a Sample of Essay For Undergraduate AdmissionIf you are applying for admission to an undergraduate program, one thing that you will want to consider is a sample of essay for undergraduate admission. Since you will be applying for admission to the program that you are considering, it would be a great idea to prepare your own application by reading through samples of essay that other applicants have submitted to the colleges that they are seeking admission to.Although it may seem like you would be wasting your time by doing this, it is actually an extremely good way to make sure that you do not have to look over a lot of letters and feel overwhelmed by a college admissions department that is filled with hundreds of other students. You can save yourself a lot of time by doing a sample of essay for undergraduate admission.By reading through samples of essays that have been submitted by other students, you will be able to compare them with yours. If you are the kind of person who is extremely self-critical and who finds it hard to be honest in most situations, then you will be even more comfortable using this approach.In addition to being honest, you will also be able to see what kind of interesting things your own writing can have. This can give you a better idea of how your personality traits can contribute to your writing. This is an important part of the admissions process and if you are not prepared to use this approach, you could be missing out on some of the most important parts of the process.You will need to write several essays before you are going to be accepted to any college. For this reason, you may have to write several samples of essay. Some people may consider this an inconvenience, but it actually allows you to better understand what admissions is all about and how you can make a positive impression on other college admissions officers.In addition to this, if you are going to send in multiple essays, you will also be able to check them out. Y ou will be able to see if there are mistakes or grammar errors that are bugging you at the moment. If there are mistakes that you can point out in your letter, you can be sure that your letters will be more honest.These are just a few reasons why you should consider using a sample of essay for undergraduate admission. There are many other advantages that come from this approach, but you should consider your own situation as well.

Imposing and Exposing Values Essays

Imposing and Exposing Values Essays Imposing and Exposing Values Paper Imposing and Exposing Values Paper Imposing uses some type of force or manipulation or pressure for another to adopt or follow the same values as the one exerting the force. Exposing is simply putting or sharing ones values out there for others to take it or leave it. To expose your values means to open up and let it be seen, to speak up and tell people what your values are. An example would be youre pregnant teenager, and you tell your parents that you dont believe in abortion. Youre exposing your feelings, your values on that issue. To impose your values means to make people do things your way, that only your way is right its almost like forcing someone to do it your way. An example would be a teenager gets pregnant, wants an abortion, and her parents force her to carry the baby to term and raise it, saying as long as youre under my roof, youll do as I say. thats IMposing their values. Values based counselling means that the counselor is always pointing to a better way, meeting the client where he or she is at, and guiding that person towards a higher place: a place of deeper truth, a place of greater meaning. Non-values oriented counseling will simply seek to return the client to a functional level, or simply at a place that is best for them. Well in the example above what was best for the wife was divorce. Yet she may not realize, or even see, that there could be door for her that leads her to a joyful life with her husband. While we believe that all people have the capacity within them to change, that does not mean they can always see all the choices before them. Sometimes people are so heavily oppressed by their situation that they genuinely cannot see a way out, or are unable to discern the best possible path. This is where the values of the counselor are critical to effective therapy. Values are the whispers of our conscience that show us those things in our lives that need to change, they help us understand not only the problems in our lives, but why they were problems. Without values, we are unable to identify destructive behaviors and patterns of thoughts that cause pain and brokenness. Values allow us to learn from the past, let things go, and illuminate a new path towards a brighter future. And while we may never actually reach the ideal, it is instead the journey towards it that holds the joy of living; that we live a life always walking forward, towards a better place, one that is full of hope, experiencing true freedom and purpose every step of the way. I Dont Believe In Imposing Values On Clients This is probably the #1 concern we hear from professionals who feel hesitant about a transparent values approach regarding counseling and therapy. This section is written for therapists, but if you are a client this discussion may give you more insight into the world behind therapy. Most college textbooks will tell students of psychology to keep their values hidden to clients. This may have been true at one time, but with the vast use of the internet, it is a flawed premise based on a faulty assumption that clients are not pro-active in their mental health care. We will demonstrate why this philosophy of therapy is flawed with pro-active clients (it also should be stated that all clients who use the internet to find a therapist, are by definition, being pro-active in their mental health care). First lets define the difference between hidden values and transparent values therapy. 1. All therapists are human beings, and as human beings, all therapists also have a personal value system. 2. Therapists, the vast majority of them, do not compromise their own personal values in therapy. If you are a therapist, both points are going to be true. Counselors, regardless of their personal values, are neither expected to, nor do they by by practice, compromise themselves in therapy. But does (a) having personal values, and (b) not compromising values equate to (c) imposing values? It does not. So lets assume two hypothetical therapists, Therapist A who believes strongly against imposing values in Therapy, and keeps his/her values hidden from the client, and Therapist B with transparent values. What is the difference between these two therapists? Well, both of them have a set of personal values. The only difference is that Therapist B has made his/her values transparent to the client upfront, before therapy even begins. Transparency is the only difference, nearly the exact opposite of imposing. Hidden Values Are More Imposing Because all clients who use the internet to find a therapist are being pro-active in their health care, we make the case that a therapist who tries to keep his or her values hidden is far closer to imposing on a client, than a therapist who has those values transparent. With transparent values, the client knows the values upfront, and then can make the choice to see. or not to see. a therapist before spending any money, and before investing any energy. With a hidden values therapist, the client has already spent money, and has already invested time, energy, and emotions into therapy. The values of the therapist then leak into therapy over time, and the client discovers, over time, that the therapists values are polar opposite, and the client may feel defeated and give up counseling or go back to the search for a new therapist. Values and Beliefs It is not respectful to impose personal beliefs and values upon clients. It is the counsellor’s role to accept the client for who they are and where they currently are in their life. Geldard and Geldard (2005) emphasise that when a counsellor’s values are imposed on an individual, they tend to react by rejecting those values without consideration and withdrawing from counselling. An involuntary client, who is unable to physically withdraw from counselling, may withdraw emotionally, and become unmotivated to accept the counsellor’s suggestions. Imposing one’s values upon the client is indicative of judgement. Paradoxically, when therapists accept the client for the person they are regardless of their values, over time, the client’s values tend to grow closer to the values of the counsellor, as counsellors do become role models for their clients.

How the Railroads Introduced Time Zones

How the Railroads Introduced Time Zones Time  zones, a novel concept in the 1800s, were created by railroad officials who convened meetings in 1883 to deal with a major headache. It was becoming impossible to know what time it was. The underlying cause of confusion was simply that the United States had no time standard. Each town or city would keep its own solar time, setting clocks so noon was when the sun was directly overhead. That made perfect sense for anyone who never left town. But it became complicated for travelers. Noon in Boston would be a few minutes before noon in New York City. And Philadelphians experienced noon a few minutes after New Yorkers did. And on and on, across the nation. For railroads, which needed reliable timetables, this created a huge problem. Fifty-six standards of time are now employed by the various railroads of the country in preparing their schedules of running times, reported the front page of the New York Times on April 19, 1883. Something had to be done, and by the end of 1883 the United States, for the most part, was operating on four time zones. Within a few years, the entire world followed that example. So its fair to say the American railroads changed the way the entire planet told time. The Decision to Standardize Time The expansion of the railroads in the years following the Civil War only made the confusion over all the local time zones seem worse. Finally, in the spring of 1883, the leaders of the nations railroads sent representatives to a meeting of what was called the General Railroad Time Convention. On April 11, 1883, in St. Louis, Missouri, railroad officials agreed to create five time zones in North America: Provincial, Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific. The concept of standard time zones had actually been suggested by several professors going back to the early 1870s. At first, it was suggested that there be two time zones, set to when noon occurred in Washington, D.C.  and New Orleans. But that would create potential problems for people living in the West, so the idea eventually evolved into four time belts set to straddle the 75th, 90th, 105th, and 115th meridians. On October 11, 1883, the General Railroad Time Convention met again in Chicago. And it was formally decided that the new standard of time would take effect a little more than a month later, on Sunday, November 18, 1883. As the date for the big change approached, newspapers published numerous articles explaining how the process would work. The shift only amounted to a few minutes for many people. In New York City, for instance, the clocks would be turned back four minutes. Going forward, noon in New York would occur at the same moment as noon in Boston, Philadelphia, and other cities in the East. In many towns and cities, jewelers used the event to drum up business by offering to set watches to the new time standard. And though the new time standard was not sanctioned by the federal government, the Naval Observatory in Washington offered to send, by telegraph, a new time signal so people could synchronize their watches. Resistance to Standard Time It seems most people had no objection to the new time standard, and it was widely accepted as a sign of progress. Travelers on the railroads, in particular, appreciated it. An article in the New York Times on November 16, 1883, noted, The passenger from Portland, Me., to Charleston, S.C., or from Chicago to New Orleans, can make the entire run without changing his watch. As the time change was instituted by the railroads, and voluntarily accepted by many towns and cities, some incidents of confusion appeared in newspapers. A report in the Philadelphia Inquirer on November 21, 1883, described an incident where a debtor had been ordered  to report to a Boston courtroom at 9:00 on the previous morning. The newspaper story concluded: According to custom, the poor debtor is allowed one hours grace. He appeared before the commissioner at 9:48 oclock, standard time, but the commissioner ruled that it was after ten oclock and defaulted him. The case will probably be brought before the Supreme Court. Incidents like that demonstrated the need for everyone to adopt the new standard time. However, in some places, there was lingering resistance. An item in the New York Times the following summer, on June 28, 1884, detailed how the city of Louisville, Kentucky, had given up on standard time. Louisville set all its clocks ahead 18 minutes to return to solar time. The problem in Louisville was that while the banks adapted to the time standard of the railroad, other businesses did not. So there was persistent confusion about when business hours actually ended each day. Of course, throughout  the 1880s  most businesses saw the value of moving permanently to standard time. By the 1890s standard time and time zones were accepted as ordinary. Time Zones Went Worldwide Britain and France had each adopted national time standards decades earlier, but as they were smaller countries, there was no need for more than one time zone. The successful adoption of standard time in the United States in 1883 set an example of how time zones could spread across the globe. The following year a time convention in Paris began the work of designating  time zones worldwide. Eventually, the time zones around the globe we know today came into use. The United States government made the time zones official by passing the Standard Time Act in 1918. Today, most people simply take time zones for granted and have no idea that time zones were actually a solution devised by the railroads.

Ethical, Social and Environmental Standards and Practices of World Essay

Ethical, Social and Environmental Standards and Practices of World Bank - Essay Example The World Bank cordinates with a multiplicity of actors that include government agencies, civil society organization and private sector; thus, high degree of Ethical, Social and Environmental Standards and Practices should be maintained by the World Bank. Social and Environmental Standards and Practices The World Bank has received serious criticism from international and internal level because of the inequality of distributing funds to the need countries. Thus, it has changed its policies as it has persistently been developing new and diverse methods to support socially and environmentally sustainable development by involvement in World Bank projects. There are formulated safeguard policies that are compulsory strategies for every decision, or measure undertaken by the World Bank representatives (Marshall, 2008). The aim of these safeguards is to keep certain social and environmental standards in projects that are managed by the World Bank. Thus, social and environmental soundness is currently a crucial requirement in the project’s valuation of progress, especially for the loan agreement. Although, there is always interference of political and economic activities, the World Bank article of agreement demand that a measure be economically efficient and avoid political considerations. Meanwhile, there is a stronger connection between social and environmental considerations; the World Bank gives the social and environmental rights more weight than the economic development. Manske and Frey (2004) indicate that the environmental standards have to be compiled in every internal or external of World Bank decision and development measures with emphasis on the ecological aspect that act as conditions in a loan agreement. The environmental standards comprise the considerations of labor, health, safety gender and community issues of the developing countries. They contribute to promotion of democracy and human rights because the political awareness and participation i n activities of ecological concern is maintained. Thus, the World Bank has active responsibilities in setting social and environmental standards and promoting exceptional corporate governance. Its key principles are a standard for the financial industry in managing social and environmental issues in projects financing. The organization supports the management of social, environmental of its members, and signed corporate governance approach to promote reasonable governance practices. The approach supports the right and equitable treatment of its members on matters of social and environmental issues. Meanwhile, it supports the disclosure and transparency of the information to its members with a suggestion of the duties of representatives. According to Manske and Frey (2004), the transparency and disclosure of the information provides extra reputation to transparency for the natural resource development among the members. The disclosure of information of dangerous population to its mem bers has helped these members to implement various measures to stop the carbon emulsion into the environment. The organization has managed to introduce flexibility that is vital to customers because it comprises varying capacities and diverse financing products to its members. It enhances effectiveness and strengthens the significance of safeguards in changing its member’

Business plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan - Essay Example This piece of paper presents a brief business plan of studentevents.com, describing the business objectives, mission and vision of the business and analyzing projected financial performance. This paper addresses the conceptual framework related to various components in a business plan and are applied to the example of studentevents.com. StudentEvents: The Business Rationale An effectively prepared business plan must be able to describe the proposed business venture in terms of the products or services it provides, available resources and business opportunities (Leach and Melicher, 2008, p. 74). It means that the what, where, and why explanations about a business is critically important aspect in a business plan. As far as StudentEvents.com is concerned, it is small start-up company with six full time employees. Five of them are expert and qualified in computer engineering and software development and one is an educator who can update the company regarding trends, seminars, events, ac ademic sessions, syllabus components, tuition program, etc that are important to education and students around the world. Though plenty of websites attract students for chat with friends, none of them are found user-friendly and convenient for online sharing of events and parties. StudentEvent.com is not just an alternative to a social network, but an extremely useful database wherefrom students can obtain information about competition, event and programs that they may benefit attending. The image and video sharing of school-programs also will certainly attract wide numbers of customers to the website. Business Objectives As a critical component to business plan, the business objective need to cover both long and short term expectations and these need to be measured in terms of money or other tangible means (Ochtel, 2009). The primary objective of the company is to provide students with opportunity to get connected with others and to share their memories of school-events. From a bus iness point of view, it will target students, design a service wherein they can entertain, increase the traffics and commercialize this with a view to benefit the investors. Mission Statement This is meant with a view to continually add vitality to students’ life. We would like the students get connected with others and share their feelings of happiness and mishaps they experienced with various events or celebrations within their school or college campuses. Success Measures StudentEvents.com will take measures to ensure greater success in its business. The company aims: To facilitate access for students to the website to update with parties, events and celebrations, To help students organize birthday or valentine parties to friends online by automated-email messaging, To arrange summer campaigns, study tours, graduation ceremonies etc through specific online gaming arrangements To take dynamic business strategies to retain the visitors and increase traffic to get more marketi ng advantages. Marketing Plan Marketing Mix Elements Today’s business environment is rigorously competitive. No matter